the analysis of propanoic acid, butyric acid, and sulfur com-pounds from waste treatment systems (18). Volatile organic compound emissions (e.g., propanoic acid, butanoic acid, hex-anoic acid, and DMDS) from landfills were characterized using SPME and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (19, 20). SPME was also used to characterize